Wellbore

The Sealer

First it is drilled for the sealer ( that big hole box) it also prevent or save the well from any eruption or rocks to fall down in the well production casing while coil tubing or slick line are working

The Conductor

Second we drill in the ground and we put the Conductor conductor by hammering it until refusal point ( when we hammer on the conductor 160 times and it moves only one feet). We pump cement to put it between the conductor and the mud to be fixed (not necessary)

Collar or coupling

That pipes in the conductor jointed together with a threatening pipe called collar or coupling

Surface casing

We put another pipe inside the conductor its name is surface casing We repeat the cement process against to fix the casing pipe too

Intermediate casing

Then we put the Intermediate casing and the cement also

The reservoir

That hole that contain the fluids

Production tubing

Then we put a tube inside the Intermediate casing going to the liner linear is the distance between the end of that tube going to the reservoir

Linear

The packer is put between the tube and the intermediate casing to fix the tube, to isolate between annulus and mud downside and to pump the brine to equal the pressure outside the tube and inside the tube with the oil

Brine/Erine liquid

we pump Brine to the water in the annulus to prevent the casing from corrosion and the pressure of the annulus should be 0 and 200 maximum.

Flabber or the dowmhole

Flabber is put in the tube near the surface for emergency shutdown and it works with the pressure we put from the downhole to open it and it shut with the pressure of the oil flow

Annulus

The annulus is the gap between the tube and the Intermediate casing and production tubing from it We pump the Brine and we can make bleed off from that annulus There are three annulus A 9 5/8, B 13 3/8, and C

Tubing spool

Tubing spool is the manifold of valves use to pump brine gas in the gap between the tube and the intermediate casing ( the annulus)
Hanger is the space in the linear like tubing Hanger
There is a crossover between the Christmas tree and the well head
Well head is the name of the distance and group of equipments including the tubing spool and casing spool
X-mas tree looks like the plus ➕
- From the up there are Swab valve and tree cap
- from the right the killing wing there are manual wing and Hydraulic valve
- from the left the production wing there are manual, and Hydraulic valve
Hydraulic valve works with the pressure of the the hydrolic oil that panel pump which works with air.
- from the down there are manual master valve and Hydrolic master valve
Formation is the mud and stones
Connect or Nipple up the BOP ( blow out preventer) to the intermediate casing by using an adapter and a casing head or a drilling spool
Double isolation is two closed valves [two bariers]

Production casing

There is a production casing which I think it's same as tubing and the final pipe going down inside intermediate casing
A liner is a shortened string of casing used to case the small open hole section below an existing casing string in a hole it's just like casing except that a liner doesn't run all the way to the surface . Instead the casing crew hangs it from the bottom of a previously run casing or liner string using a special piece of equipment called liner Hanger it is used to save money

Clamp

It should be between annulus A valve and annulus B valve

Guide shoe

The guide shoe is a a heavy steel and concrete fitting but the crew makes up in the end of the first casing joint to go in the hole, it guides the casing rough spots and ledges in the wellbore. It also has an opening and the end. Drilling mud enters this opening when crew runs casing into that wellbore - later cement will come out from this opening on its way into the annulus

Float shoe

Maybe we substitute collar or the coupling with float shoe .
Centralizing
Scratcher
The cement main Job to completely isolate or totally seal off all the oil, gas and water zones from the wellbore and to bond the casing firmly to the wall of the hall
The guide shoe and float collar
Cement head also called a plug retainer
Wiper plug is hanged with the cement head

New

The wellhead is a critical component of an oil or gas well, and it serves as the interface between the wellbore and the surface equipment. It's located at the top of the well casing or tubing, and its primary functions are containment, control, and monitoring of fluids and pressures in the well. Here are the key elements and functions of a wellhead: 1. Pressure Containment: The wellhead provides a pressure-tight seal to prevent the escape of reservoir fluids (oil, gas, or water) from the wellbore. It contains the high pressures found deep within the well. 2. Connection Point: The wellhead serves as a connection point for various surface equipment, including production tubing, casing, control valves, and flowlines. 3. Control Valves: Control valves, such as chokes and safety valves, are often integrated into the wellhead to manage and control the flow of fluids from the well. These valves regulate pressure and flow rates. 4. Monitoring Points: Pressure and temperature sensors are typically installed on the wellhead to continuously monitor downhole conditions. This data is crucial for well control and optimization. 5. Safety Measures: Wellheads may include safety features like blowout preventers (BOPs) to prevent uncontrolled releases of hydrocarbons, especially during drilling, completion, and well testing operations. 6. Casing Hanger: The casing hanger is a component of the wellhead that supports the casing and provides a seal between the casing and the wellhead. It helps maintain well integrity. 7. Tubing Hanger: In wells with tubing strings (common in production wells), a tubing hanger supports the tubing and provides a seal to prevent fluid escape. 8. Production Tree: In many cases, a production tree is installed on top of the wellhead. It's a set of valves and fittings used to control the flow of hydrocarbons from the well to the production facilities or pipelines. 9. Fluid Separation: In some wells, particularly those producing water along with oil and gas, a separation system may be integrated into the wellhead to separate and collect different phases (oil, gas, water) before they are transported.

what are types of downhole vlaves?

DHSV: >Down Hole Safety Valve
TRSV: Tubing Retrievable Safety Valve

Introduction to Drilling Engineering

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