ESD my Summary

The flow-head functions:
1. : It supports the weight of the test string.
2. : It allows up and down and rotation movement of the test string..
3. : It flows out of the well through a flow valve..
4. : It allows to pump fluid into the well through a kill valve..

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Applications: -
5. :Pre-Completion testing.
6. : Drill Stem Testing..
7. : Post-Completion Testing..

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Flow-head features and benefits:-
8. Master valve: allows isolation of the surface equipment from the downhole test string..
9. Swab valve allows: intervention and retrieval of wireline tools..
10. Flow line valve: allows fluid o flow from the well..
11. Kill line valve: used to pump fluid into the well..
12. Swivel: allowing the test string to be rotated independently of the main flow-head block. It is inserted between the master and the main valve (roller bearing – ball bearing).
13. Elevator sub: used to handle the flow-head with the rig elevator.
14. Flow head: is a temporary and it is alternative to the Christmas tree which is permanent head..
15. The swivel: should not be rotated under pressure.

Q&A Summary

Sure! Here are some questions and answers based on the video transcript of SWT – Flowhead:
1. 1. What is the primary purpose of a flow head during well testing?

   Answer: A flow head functions as a temporary surface shut-off device, used before a well is completed. It supports the test string and enables fluid flow, tool insertion, and fluid injection during well testing operations.

2. 2. How does a flow head compare to a Christmas tree?

   Answer: The flow head is a temporary device used during testing before the well is completed, while the Christmas tree is a permanent structure installed after completion, designed for production.

3. 3. What are the main valves found on a flow head?

   Answer:

   • Master valve – isolates surface equipment from downhole string
   • Swab valve – used for wireline or slickline tool insertion/retrieval
   • Two wing valves – one for fluid exit (outlet), one for fluid entry (inlet)

4. 4. What is the function of the flow line (outlet wing) valve?

   Answer: It allows fluids to flow from the well to the surface process equipment and is usually operated by a hydraulic actuator, often linked to an Emergency Shutdown (ESD) system.

5. 5. When would you use the kill line (inlet wing) valve?

   Answer: It is used to pump fluids into the well, such as mud to control pressure, acid for stimulation, or other fluids for enhanced production or wellbore treatment.

6. 6. What is the purpose of the swivel in a flow head?

   Answer: The swivel allows the subsurface equipment (test string) to rotate independently of the main flow head block without disconnecting the flow or kill lines, useful in floating rig operations or when setting/re-latching tools.

7. 7. Can the swivel be used under pressure?

   Answer: No, the swivel should not be rotated under pressure. It is designed for low-pressure, low-speed rotation, not continuous rotation as in drilling operations.

8. 8. What safety system is associated with the outlet wing valve?

   Answer: An Emergency Shutdown (ESD) system, which can automatically or manually close the valve if unsafe pressure conditions are detected at the surface.

9. 9. Why are subs used above and below the master and swab valves?

   Answer: They help in handling the flow head with rig elevators and protect threads. They're also more cost-effective to replace than the flow head's internal valves.

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